Difference between revisions of "Cordell Hull"
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| − | Cordell Hull, President Roosevelt’s Secretary of State, was a democrat who advocated for international trade cooperation. He believed that one "could not separate the idea of commerce from the idea of war and peace…[and] that wars were often largely caused by economic rivalry conducted unfairly” <ref>Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.</ref>. His faith in this idea stemmed from the accumulation of his empirical evidence regarding the First World War. After 12 years of being Secretary of State, Hull “embraced the philosophy [that] unhampered trade dovetailed with peace; high tariffs, trade barriers, and unfair economic competition, with war” <ref>Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.</ref>. He believed that the liberalization of trade would promote peacekeeping in the international system because people who relied on each other for the trade of goods and services, would generally not try to anger their trade partners, because this would hinder their potential exchange of goods. He warranted this idea when he wrote “freer flow of trade-freer in the sense of fewer discriminations and obstructions…the living standards of all countries might rise, thereby eliminating the economic dissatisfaction that breeds war” and this would give us “a reasonable chance for lasting peace” <ref>Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.</ref>. Hull maintained this idea throughout the 20’s and 30’s and spoke publicly | + | Cordell Hull, President Roosevelt’s Secretary of State, was a democrat who advocated for international trade cooperation. He believed that one "could not separate the idea of commerce from the idea of war and peace…[and] that wars were often largely caused by economic rivalry conducted unfairly” <ref>Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.</ref>. His faith in this idea stemmed from the accumulation of his empirical evidence regarding the First World War. After 12 years of being Secretary of State, Hull “embraced the philosophy [that] unhampered trade dovetailed with peace; high tariffs, trade barriers, and unfair economic competition, with war” <ref>Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.</ref>. He believed that the liberalization of trade would promote peacekeeping in the international system because people who relied on each other for the trade of goods and services, would generally not try to anger their trade partners, because this would hinder their potential exchange of goods. He warranted this idea when he wrote “freer flow of trade-freer in the sense of fewer discriminations and obstructions…the living standards of all countries might rise, thereby eliminating the economic dissatisfaction that breeds war” and this would give us “a reasonable chance for lasting peace” <ref>Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.</ref>. Hull maintained this idea throughout the 20’s and 30’s. Hull proposed unilateral tariff reductions during the 1932 presidential campaign, a suggestion that was rejected by Roosevelt’s advisers.<ref>Bailey, Michael, Judith Goldstein and Barry R. Weingast. “The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions and International Trade.” World Politics 49.3 (1997): 309-338</ref>In 1937 he spoke publicly in favor of free trade, proclaiming, “I have never faltered and I will never falter, in my belief that enduring peace and the welfare of nations are indissolubly connected with friendliness, fairness, equality and maximum practicable degree of freedom in international trade”<ref>Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 14.</ref>. Hull was an idealist in this sense, but he was extremely loyal to his beliefs and opinions and was consistent in his trust that the economic cooperation among states would promote prosperity and peace. |
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Latest revision as of 10:19, 30 October 2010
Cordell Hull, President Roosevelt’s Secretary of State, was a democrat who advocated for international trade cooperation. He believed that one "could not separate the idea of commerce from the idea of war and peace…[and] that wars were often largely caused by economic rivalry conducted unfairly” [1]. His faith in this idea stemmed from the accumulation of his empirical evidence regarding the First World War. After 12 years of being Secretary of State, Hull “embraced the philosophy [that] unhampered trade dovetailed with peace; high tariffs, trade barriers, and unfair economic competition, with war” [2]. He believed that the liberalization of trade would promote peacekeeping in the international system because people who relied on each other for the trade of goods and services, would generally not try to anger their trade partners, because this would hinder their potential exchange of goods. He warranted this idea when he wrote “freer flow of trade-freer in the sense of fewer discriminations and obstructions…the living standards of all countries might rise, thereby eliminating the economic dissatisfaction that breeds war” and this would give us “a reasonable chance for lasting peace” [3]. Hull maintained this idea throughout the 20’s and 30’s. Hull proposed unilateral tariff reductions during the 1932 presidential campaign, a suggestion that was rejected by Roosevelt’s advisers.[4]In 1937 he spoke publicly in favor of free trade, proclaiming, “I have never faltered and I will never falter, in my belief that enduring peace and the welfare of nations are indissolubly connected with friendliness, fairness, equality and maximum practicable degree of freedom in international trade”[5]. Hull was an idealist in this sense, but he was extremely loyal to his beliefs and opinions and was consistent in his trust that the economic cooperation among states would promote prosperity and peace.
- ↑ Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.
- ↑ Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.
- ↑ Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 13.
- ↑ Bailey, Michael, Judith Goldstein and Barry R. Weingast. “The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions and International Trade.” World Politics 49.3 (1997): 309-338
- ↑ Irwin, Douglas A., Petros C. Mavroidis, and Alan O. Sykes. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Introduction, 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.8, 1.12. p 14.
