Biofuels

Biofuels have been championed as environmentally-friendly sources of power that help to tackle climate change. However, the report by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) said biofuels may "offer a cure that is worse than the disease they seek to heal".

Introduction

Concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere have also become a global concern because of their potential to result in long-term climate changes. About 82% of US GHG emissions are from combusting fossil fuels used to generate electricity and operate vehicles, and the other emissions are from methane, (Applied Energy, Volume 71, Issue 1, January 2002,Pages 15-30).On another hand, US agriculture’s contribution to air pollutant as a consumer of energy is small, as agricultural crop, livestock and poultry production accounts for only about 1% of direct energy use. However, the production agriculture accounts for about 7% of annul net GHG emissions (US Department of Agriculture, 2004a). Increase in agricultural productivity and conservation can reduce energy intensity of agricultural production and pollution. Recent studies show that replacing fossil energy with renewable energy, like biofuels, is an important way of reaching the climate policy goals. (Soil and Tillage Research, Volume 61, Issues 1-2, August 2001, Pages77-92).There is a significant opportunity to reduce pollutants and GHG emission by using biofuels. Like biodiesel, biofuels have many desirable environmental properties. They are non-toxic, biodegradable, and biodiesel exhaust emits less toxic air emissions, carbon monoxide and particular matter than petroleum diesel (Graboski and McCormick, 1998). Biofuels also have advantages that the plants grown each year to produce the fuel sequester carbon, which offsets the carbon released during fuel combustion (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1998).